Angličtina

§ Similar to nouns, can have similar function§ Highly heterogeneous word class where the individual members differ in forms, functions and ways they refer to§ Pronomen = standing instead of noun Different functions of...

1. The of genitive as an alternativeWith inanimates (with some exceptions)Sometimes with animates to distinguish between subjective and objective use His wife’s loss (his wife lost something) The loss of his wife (he lost...

1. Male and female counterparts only to personal and higher animate nounsbrother x sister stallion x maremother x father dog x bitch® named by separate lexical item These usually have dual-gender (hyperonym) man x...

– The function is to represent relationships between nouns in sentence ® reflected in use of prepositions and by structure if the sentence– Semantic category– The only relic from past times (when English was...

– semantic category– different from the Czech language (English nouns and adjectives don’t have it)– covered grammatical category ® we recognize male, female and neutral only by pronouns (he, she, it)– distinguish: 3rd person...

· Identification: endophoric within the linguistic contextanaphoric referent occurred earlier There is a large building right opposite you. The building used to be a school. The school has now been abolished. The school /...

indefinite common nounsspecific x non-specificCan be: count, singular, indefinite, specific I have bought a new carcount, singular, indefinite, non-specific I need a new carÞ we can distinguish because of the verbcount, plural, indefinite, specific...

– Definite x indefinite– We don’t have it in Czech language– Distinction isn’t obligatory · Types of selection: deictic demonstrative pronouns (these, those)genitive possessive pronouns and genitives (my, her, whose, Tom’s)distributive (all, both, each,...

Markers of plurality:§ Productive markers – s, es, (i)es§ Unproductive markers – s ending accompanied by change in the noun -s with change of voiceless to voiced consonant· only change in spelling – lives,...

Countability:§ Refers to entities which can be counted or not§ Distinction of countability and uncountability is related to the context and intention of the speaker Countability markers:§ Related to determination§ Related to singular or...